3.191 \(\int \frac{\sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}{x^4} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=112 \[ -\frac{\sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}{3 x^3}-\frac{b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 a+b x^3}{2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}\right )}{6 \sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{3} \sqrt{c} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c x^3}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}\right ) \]

[Out]

-Sqrt[a + b*x^3 + c*x^6]/(3*x^3) - (b*ArcTanh[(2*a + b*x^3)/(2*Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[a + b*x^3 + c*x^6])])/(6*Sqrt[a])
+ (Sqrt[c]*ArcTanh[(b + 2*c*x^3)/(2*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[a + b*x^3 + c*x^6])])/3

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.114291, antiderivative size = 112, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 20, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.3, Rules used = {1357, 732, 843, 621, 206, 724} \[ -\frac{\sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}{3 x^3}-\frac{b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 a+b x^3}{2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}\right )}{6 \sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{3} \sqrt{c} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c x^3}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}\right ) \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[Sqrt[a + b*x^3 + c*x^6]/x^4,x]

[Out]

-Sqrt[a + b*x^3 + c*x^6]/(3*x^3) - (b*ArcTanh[(2*a + b*x^3)/(2*Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[a + b*x^3 + c*x^6])])/(6*Sqrt[a])
+ (Sqrt[c]*ArcTanh[(b + 2*c*x^3)/(2*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[a + b*x^3 + c*x^6])])/3

Rule 1357

Int[(x_)^(m_.)*((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^(n2_.) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_.), x_Symbol] :> Dist[1/n, Subst[Int[x^(Simplif
y[(m + 1)/n] - 1)*(a + b*x + c*x^2)^p, x], x, x^n], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, m, n, p}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && NeQ[
b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && IntegerQ[Simplify[(m + 1)/n]]

Rule 732

Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[((d + e*x)^(m + 1)*(
a + b*x + c*x^2)^p)/(e*(m + 1)), x] - Dist[p/(e*(m + 1)), Int[(d + e*x)^(m + 1)*(b + 2*c*x)*(a + b*x + c*x^2)^
(p - 1), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, m}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[c*d^2 - b*d*e + a*e^2, 0] && NeQ
[2*c*d - b*e, 0] && GtQ[p, 0] && (IntegerQ[p] || LtQ[m, -1]) && NeQ[m, -1] &&  !ILtQ[m + 2*p + 1, 0] && IntQua
draticQ[a, b, c, d, e, m, p, x]

Rule 843

Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((f_.) + (g_.)*(x_))*((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_.), x_Symbol] :> Dis
t[g/e, Int[(d + e*x)^(m + 1)*(a + b*x + c*x^2)^p, x], x] + Dist[(e*f - d*g)/e, Int[(d + e*x)^m*(a + b*x + c*x^
2)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, g, m, p}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[c*d^2 - b*d*e + a*e^2, 0]
&&  !IGtQ[m, 0]

Rule 621

Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2], x_Symbol] :> Dist[2, Subst[Int[1/(4*c - x^2), x], x, (b + 2*c*x)
/Sqrt[a + b*x + c*x^2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rule 206

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1*ArcTanh[(Rt[-b, 2]*x)/Rt[a, 2]])/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]), x]
/; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 724

Int[1/(((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))*Sqrt[(a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2]), x_Symbol] :> Dist[-2, Subst[Int[1/(4*c*d
^2 - 4*b*d*e + 4*a*e^2 - x^2), x], x, (2*a*e - b*d - (2*c*d - b*e)*x)/Sqrt[a + b*x + c*x^2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a,
b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]

Rubi steps

\begin{align*} \int \frac{\sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}{x^4} \, dx &=\frac{1}{3} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{\sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}}{x^2} \, dx,x,x^3\right )\\ &=-\frac{\sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}{3 x^3}+\frac{1}{6} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{b+2 c x}{x \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,x^3\right )\\ &=-\frac{\sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}{3 x^3}+\frac{1}{6} b \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{x \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,x^3\right )+\frac{1}{3} c \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,x^3\right )\\ &=-\frac{\sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}{3 x^3}-\frac{1}{3} b \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{4 a-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{2 a+b x^3}{\sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}\right )+\frac{1}{3} (2 c) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{4 c-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{b+2 c x^3}{\sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}\right )\\ &=-\frac{\sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}{3 x^3}-\frac{b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 a+b x^3}{2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}\right )}{6 \sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{3} \sqrt{c} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c x^3}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}\right )\\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [A]  time = 0.0493902, size = 112, normalized size = 1. \[ -\frac{\sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}{3 x^3}-\frac{b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 a+b x^3}{2 \sqrt{a} \sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}\right )}{6 \sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{3} \sqrt{c} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c x^3}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b x^3+c x^6}}\right ) \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[Sqrt[a + b*x^3 + c*x^6]/x^4,x]

[Out]

-Sqrt[a + b*x^3 + c*x^6]/(3*x^3) - (b*ArcTanh[(2*a + b*x^3)/(2*Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[a + b*x^3 + c*x^6])])/(6*Sqrt[a])
+ (Sqrt[c]*ArcTanh[(b + 2*c*x^3)/(2*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[a + b*x^3 + c*x^6])])/3

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Maple [F]  time = 0.031, size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int{\frac{1}{{x}^{4}}\sqrt{c{x}^{6}+b{x}^{3}+a}}\, dx \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int((c*x^6+b*x^3+a)^(1/2)/x^4,x)

[Out]

int((c*x^6+b*x^3+a)^(1/2)/x^4,x)

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Maxima [F(-2)]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Exception raised: ValueError} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((c*x^6+b*x^3+a)^(1/2)/x^4,x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

Exception raised: ValueError

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Fricas [A]  time = 1.8756, size = 1411, normalized size = 12.6 \begin{align*} \left [\frac{2 \, a \sqrt{c} x^{3} \log \left (-8 \, c^{2} x^{6} - 8 \, b c x^{3} - b^{2} - 4 \, \sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a}{\left (2 \, c x^{3} + b\right )} \sqrt{c} - 4 \, a c\right ) + \sqrt{a} b x^{3} \log \left (-\frac{{\left (b^{2} + 4 \, a c\right )} x^{6} + 8 \, a b x^{3} - 4 \, \sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a}{\left (b x^{3} + 2 \, a\right )} \sqrt{a} + 8 \, a^{2}}{x^{6}}\right ) - 4 \, \sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a} a}{12 \, a x^{3}}, -\frac{4 \, a \sqrt{-c} x^{3} \arctan \left (\frac{\sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a}{\left (2 \, c x^{3} + b\right )} \sqrt{-c}}{2 \,{\left (c^{2} x^{6} + b c x^{3} + a c\right )}}\right ) - \sqrt{a} b x^{3} \log \left (-\frac{{\left (b^{2} + 4 \, a c\right )} x^{6} + 8 \, a b x^{3} - 4 \, \sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a}{\left (b x^{3} + 2 \, a\right )} \sqrt{a} + 8 \, a^{2}}{x^{6}}\right ) + 4 \, \sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a} a}{12 \, a x^{3}}, \frac{\sqrt{-a} b x^{3} \arctan \left (\frac{\sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a}{\left (b x^{3} + 2 \, a\right )} \sqrt{-a}}{2 \,{\left (a c x^{6} + a b x^{3} + a^{2}\right )}}\right ) + a \sqrt{c} x^{3} \log \left (-8 \, c^{2} x^{6} - 8 \, b c x^{3} - b^{2} - 4 \, \sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a}{\left (2 \, c x^{3} + b\right )} \sqrt{c} - 4 \, a c\right ) - 2 \, \sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a} a}{6 \, a x^{3}}, \frac{\sqrt{-a} b x^{3} \arctan \left (\frac{\sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a}{\left (b x^{3} + 2 \, a\right )} \sqrt{-a}}{2 \,{\left (a c x^{6} + a b x^{3} + a^{2}\right )}}\right ) - 2 \, a \sqrt{-c} x^{3} \arctan \left (\frac{\sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a}{\left (2 \, c x^{3} + b\right )} \sqrt{-c}}{2 \,{\left (c^{2} x^{6} + b c x^{3} + a c\right )}}\right ) - 2 \, \sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a} a}{6 \, a x^{3}}\right ] \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((c*x^6+b*x^3+a)^(1/2)/x^4,x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

[1/12*(2*a*sqrt(c)*x^3*log(-8*c^2*x^6 - 8*b*c*x^3 - b^2 - 4*sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)*(2*c*x^3 + b)*sqrt(c) - 4*
a*c) + sqrt(a)*b*x^3*log(-((b^2 + 4*a*c)*x^6 + 8*a*b*x^3 - 4*sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)*(b*x^3 + 2*a)*sqrt(a) + 8
*a^2)/x^6) - 4*sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)*a)/(a*x^3), -1/12*(4*a*sqrt(-c)*x^3*arctan(1/2*sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)*
(2*c*x^3 + b)*sqrt(-c)/(c^2*x^6 + b*c*x^3 + a*c)) - sqrt(a)*b*x^3*log(-((b^2 + 4*a*c)*x^6 + 8*a*b*x^3 - 4*sqrt
(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)*(b*x^3 + 2*a)*sqrt(a) + 8*a^2)/x^6) + 4*sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)*a)/(a*x^3), 1/6*(sqrt(-a)*
b*x^3*arctan(1/2*sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)*(b*x^3 + 2*a)*sqrt(-a)/(a*c*x^6 + a*b*x^3 + a^2)) + a*sqrt(c)*x^3*log
(-8*c^2*x^6 - 8*b*c*x^3 - b^2 - 4*sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)*(2*c*x^3 + b)*sqrt(c) - 4*a*c) - 2*sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^
3 + a)*a)/(a*x^3), 1/6*(sqrt(-a)*b*x^3*arctan(1/2*sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)*(b*x^3 + 2*a)*sqrt(-a)/(a*c*x^6 + a*
b*x^3 + a^2)) - 2*a*sqrt(-c)*x^3*arctan(1/2*sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)*(2*c*x^3 + b)*sqrt(-c)/(c^2*x^6 + b*c*x^3
+ a*c)) - 2*sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)*a)/(a*x^3)]

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Sympy [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \frac{\sqrt{a + b x^{3} + c x^{6}}}{x^{4}}\, dx \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((c*x**6+b*x**3+a)**(1/2)/x**4,x)

[Out]

Integral(sqrt(a + b*x**3 + c*x**6)/x**4, x)

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Giac [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \frac{\sqrt{c x^{6} + b x^{3} + a}}{x^{4}}\,{d x} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((c*x^6+b*x^3+a)^(1/2)/x^4,x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

integrate(sqrt(c*x^6 + b*x^3 + a)/x^4, x)